This study evaluates vegetation dynamics in Taraba State, Nigeria, over a 30-year period using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellite imagery for the years 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. The analysis reveals a notable decline in vegetation health, with NDVI values dropping from a high of 0.974684 in 1991 to 0.492376 in 2021. This decline signifies a gradual reduction in vegetation cover and health, largely driven by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion, as well as environmental stressors like droughts and climate change. The study underscores the critical role of NDVI in monitoring vegetation changes and highlights the environmental implications of reduced vegetation cover, including increased land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and decreased agricultural productivity. Findings from this study point to the urgent need for sustainable land management practices and the implementation of environmental conservation strategies to mitigate the ongoing degradation and promote ecosystem stability in the region. The use of NDVI as a reliable tool for continuous monitoring is also emphasized as essential for guiding future interventions.